Spotify Proves Streaming Fraud Following Kalshi Dealer Cries Foul – Leading Kalshi trader Caleb Davies frequently talks to the media about how prediction markets enable him to make a lot of money. The IT worker from Minneapolis thinks that he has won $414,000 from Kalshi’s culture markets alone, bringing his total earnings from various prediction systems to $1.2 million. Because he carefully examines Spotify data to select winners, he particularly enjoys betting on music charts. He tells WIRED, “I go in every morning, download the data, and update my projections.”
However, he has grown more irate this summer at what he sees as a blatant attempt to manipulate Spotify-related markets using bots. He recently began accumulating and releasing evidence for his theory, finally becoming so convinced that he contacted Spotify, Kalshi, and Polymarket with his worries.
The matter reached a breaking point this week when Malcolm Todd’s song “Earrings” shot to the top of a Spotify chart. In a series of X postings, Davies described his believed culprit: “botting,” or scammers who purchase bots to juice streaming numbers. Davies contended that traders in the prediction market were manipulating the charts in order to affect the results of contracts for connected events. According to Davies, “looking at the dataset of Sunday to Monday changes, it was an 11.24 sigma event, or a roughly 1 in 77 octillion chance of happening randomly,” Todd’s song was so unpopular that it wasn’t even offered as a choice on Polymarket.
As it happens, he had a point. Spotify acknowledged to WIRED that it looked into possible instances of manipulation Davies reported and discovered evidence of fake streaming. “All streaming services face ever-changing stream manipulation. Spotify has best-in-class detection and mitigation methods for altered streams, and we don’t pay out associated royalties,” spokesperson Laura Batey says. (Davies’ claim that the manipulation was directly related to a strategy to manipulate prediction markets is still valid, though, given the company did not provide an explanation for the manipulation.) Spotify Proves Streaming Fraud Following Kalshi Dealer Cries Foul
In the end, Todd’s song moved up to fourth place on Spotify’s charts after more than 500,000 fake streams were removed. However, the process took some time, and Kalshi had already decided to give traders who chose Todd’s song a prize.
“We’re in touch with Spotify and are actively investigating this matter,” Kalshi representative Elisabeth Diana tells WIRED. Those interactions did force a more immediate change: At the Swedish streaming giant’s request, Kalshi deleted Spotify’s emblem from its marketplaces that link to the firm, and modified phrasing that previously suggested Spotify had verified chart results.
When Davies initially contacted Kalshi with concerns, Robert DeNault, the company’s head of enforcement, informed the trader that there might be non-suspicious causes for the increase and that only Spotify would be able to definitively establish whether it had been botted. Additionally, DeNault proposed the idea that Kalshi traders might just be replicating their peers’ actions on Polymarket.
“Nobody from Polymarket profited from the fraud. Because they lacked a Malcom Todd bracket, Kalshi’s reasoning is undermined, Davies tells WIRED.
Additionally, Polymarket disputes this theory. According to spokesperson Annabel Walsh, “it’s actually not plausible since we didn’t even have Malcolm Todd as an option on this Spotify market.” Although it hasn’t yet discovered any direct manipulation, the corporation said that it is examining the larger streaming manipulation issue.
The motivations of the individuals or group responsible for the streaming manipulation are still unknown because no one has had a conversation with them. (Todd did not reply to calls for comment, but there’s nothing to suggest he’s anything more than an innocent observer.) Spotify Proves Streaming Fraud Following Kalshi Dealer Cries Foul

